Fluid-brake for barrel-recoil guns.



' F. STOCK. FLUID BRAKE FOR BARREL RECOII. GUNS. APPuc/Tlon mso M^v19,19|o.

Patented Nov. 9, 1915. i

x Y I/ I .r TED sTATEs PATENT oEEIoE.

FRIEDRICH STOCK, OF ESSENON-THE-B;UHR, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO FRIED. KRUPP 1 AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, 0F ESSEN-ON-THE-RUHR, GERMANY.

FLUID-BRAKE FOB, BARREL-RECOIL GUNS.

To alliwhom tmay concern.

Be it known that I, FRIEDRICH STOCK, a

subject of the Emperor of Germany, and' -represented in the position which they assume with the gun barrel in ring position and the adjustment for the longest recoil; Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fig. l, seen from the left; Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1, likewise seen from the left; Fig. 4 shows a portion of Fig. 1 with the parts in those positions which they assume with adjustment-to the shortest recoil; Fig. 5 is a view corresponding to Fig. 1, showing a second constructional form of the inven-` tion; and Fig. 6 shows a portion of Fig. 5 with the parts in those positions which they assume with adjustment to the shortest recoil. The constructional form illustrated -i Figs. 1 to 4f will be described `first.

The Huid brake consists essentially of the brake cylinder A, the brake piston B with its hollow piston rod B1, `a hollow cylinder C arranged in the piston rod and in the piston, and a running-out orthrottling rod D projecting into the cylinder C.

The brake cylinder A is rigidly connected to the spur E of the gun barrel and the pis ton rod B1 to the end F of the upper car? riage (not shown). Through the `medium of a socket `01 screwed into the cylinder C, (Fig. 1) the latter is mounted in that end of the piston rod B1 which is connected with the end F of the upper carriage, and through the medium of the enlarged head c2, is mounted rotatably but non-slidably in the piston B. The lthrottling rod D is screwed into the head of the brake cylinder A, which is connected with the spur4 E of the gun barrel and penetrates into the cylinder Cfor such a distance that i-t does not quit it during the longest recoil to which the brake may be adjusted. The free end of the throttling rod D has the same diameter as the bore 03 Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 9, 11915.

Application med May 19, 1910. Serial N o. 562,263.

of the cylinder C. Otherwise, in soV far as it penetrates into the hollow of the brake,

the rod D has a dia-meter which is smaller than that of the bore c3 so that between the rod D and the inner wall of the cylinder C, an annular` space c4 is provided.

For the flow ofthe brakeiluid from one to the other side of the brake piston B, short passages a are provided in the wall of the brake cylinder A. Furthermore, the piston B is provided with apertures b3, which lead from the piston rod side.` of the brake cylinder into the bore of the piston B designed for the reception of the cylinder head c2 and open, when the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 1, into the apertures c5, which are provided in the head 02 of the cylinder C and lead into the annular space 01. On its. end `which projects from' the piston rod B1, the socket 0.1 carries a toothed wheel R through the assistance of which the cylinder C can be rotated relatively to the piston B and thepiston rod B1.

The arrangement thus far described serves for regulating the length of recoil. The ef- `feet of this arrangement will next he deone hand through the passages a1 and on the other hand through the apertures 3 and ci as well as the annular space c4, to the other side of the brake cylinder (the piston side).

When, duringgrecoil, the ends of the passages 051 whichl at the beginning of recoil lie on the piston rod sideof the brake cylinder, have reached the piston B, the brake fluid can only pass through the apertures b1` and 05 and the annular space c4. `This annular space will be gradually reduced in size during the further recoil, in consequence of the form ofthe throttling rod D to be seen in the drawing, and finally will be completely closed by the free cylindrical end ofthe rod D. Since now the flow of brake Huid is no longer possible, the recoiling parts willcome to a standstill. This, however, owing to the dimensions of the rod'lD does not take place until after the piston B has executed its full stroke. Should the recoil happen to be very short, the cylinder C will be rotated through the assistance of the toothed wheel R, relatively to the piston B, to such an extent that the'full portion of the head 02 of the cylinder C enters in front of the inner ends of the apertures b3. apertures c5 are then closed toward the piston rod side of the brake-cylinder and there remain for effecting the escape of the fluid from one side of the piston to the other, only the short passages a1 (see especially Fig. 4). When their ends, which lie on the piston rod side of the brake cylinder at the 5 beginning of the4 recoil movement, have reached the piston during the recoil, an escape of fluid is no longer possible and the moving parts come to a standstill. Between the two limiting points of the cylinder C relatively to the piston B, thus established, other positions liefwhich give lengths of recoil included between the shortest and the longest. At these positions of the cylinder C, the fluid flowing through the apertures b3 and o5, is very powerfully throttled for the most part at the points at which the aforesaid apertures open into each other.

In order to attain a soft running-out movement with each length of' recoil, the following arrangement is provided: Between the inner wall of the piston rod B1 and the cylinder C, as well as the socket c1, an annular hollow space b2 is provided, which extends to the head o2. of the cylinder C. The hollow space communicates with the piston rod side of the brake cylinder through apertures b4, which are provided in the piston rod B1. Furthermore, the socket 01 is provided with passages e7, which establish communication between the space b2 and the hollow chamber 03 of the cylinder C. For cutting ofi' the passages 07, a return valve G (Fig. 1) is i provided, for which the socket c1 serves as a valve seat, and which is guided by ribs ca of the cylinder C. Grooves c (Figs. l and 3) are cut into the inner wall of the cylinder C, which enable the brake fluid to pass from the hollow chamber c3 of -the'cylinder C, during the running-out of the gun-barrel. The passages al are of small cross sectional area in proportion to the apertures b3, o and the annular chamber 04. In consequence of the arrangement thus described, when recoil takes place, the braking fluid, can by raising the valve G from its seat, flow from the fluid chamber, located on the piston rod side of the brake cylinder A, through the apertures b4, the annular hollow space b2 and the passages c", to the hollow chamber 03 of the cylinder C. During thev running-out movement of the gun barrel, the valve G is closed by the excess of pressure in the chamber c3 of the cylinder C and the fluid will be forced by the throttling rod D, out of the chamber c", through IThe the grooves c6 into the fluid chamber of the brake cylinder. When the arrangement thus described for braking the runningout movement, is to be combined with the-arte rangement for regulating the length of recoil first described herein, and as shown in the drawing, the effect of the arrangement for regulating the length of recoil will be somewhat influenced thereby. No essential modification of the effect, however, will be caused.

The constructional form of the subject matter of the invention shown in Figs. 5 and 6 differs from that already described only in that the cylinder C is connected with the piston B and the piston rod B1, not rotatably but with longitudinal movement. In order to accomplish the longitudinal displacement of the cylinder C from the outside, the end of the socket c1, which projects out of the piston rod B1, is connected with a two-armed lever H, which is fulcrumed on the end F of the upper` carriage. When the cylinder C of this brake assumes the posit1on to the piston B, which is shown in Fig. 5, thatis to say when the apertures 05 of the cylinder C stand directly over the apertures b3 of the piston, the brake is adjusted for the longest recoil. lThe shortest recoil is attained when the cylinder C is displaced in4 the direction of the arrow a: (Fig. 5) such a distance that the apertures c5 of the piston B are fully covered (Fig. 6) since at this time the fluid can flow through the passages a1 of the brake cylinder A, alone, during recoil.

I claim 1. In a fluid brake for recoil guns adjustable to regulate the length of recoil; and comprising a brake cylinder, and a braking piston working therein, a 'primary by-pass leading vfrom the pressure side of the braking piston to the free space beyond saidpiston and having a length corresponding to the shortest recoil; a secondary by-pass independent of the primary by-pass, also leading from the pressure side of the braking piston to the free space beyond said piston; and a regulating means adjustable at will adapted to close said secondary by-pass to permit the primary by-pass to serve alone in limiting recoil, and also adapted to open said secondary by-pass to add its capacity to that of' the primary by-pass during said shortest recoil piston travel, and permit of additional recoil travel beyond said shortest recoil.

2. A fluid brake for regulating the length of recoil in barrel recoil guns, comprising a brake cylinder constructed with a wallgroove providing a fluid by-pass; a piston having a single cut-ofi edge adapted to cooperate with said wall-groove by-pass; said brake being also constructed with an additional by-pass independent of the wallgroove by-pass and adapted to permit contlnued escape of the fluid beyond the shortest recoil; said additional by-pass having `regulating means for wholly closing it when the Wall-groove by-pass alone is to determine the length of recoil and adjustable to vary the ton, andhaving-a Vlength corresponding to lthe shortest recoil;and a secondary by-pass independent of the primary by-pass, also leading from the pressure side of the brak-- ing piston to the free space beyond said piston, and a regulating means adjustable at will adapted to close said secondary by-pass to permit the primary by-pass to serve alone in limiting recoil, and also adapted to open said secondary by-pass to add its capacity to that of the primary by-pass during said shortest recoil piston travel, and permit of additional recoil travel beyond said shortest recoil; said regulating means being further adjustable to vary the capacity of said secondary by-pass, and thereby permitV varying lengths of recoil beyond said shortest recoil.

4. ln a fluid brake for recoil guns adjustable to regulate the length of recoil, and comprising: a'brake cylinder, and a braking piston Working therein; a primary by-pass leading from the pressure side of the brakingpiston to the free space beyond said piston, and corresponding in length to the shortest recoil; a secondary by-pass independent of the primary by-pass, also leading from the pressure side `oi the braking piston to the free space beyond said piston;

and a regulating means adjustable at WillV adapted to close said secondary by-pass to permit the primary by-pass to serve alone in limiting recoil, and also adapted toopen said secondary by-pass to add its capacity to that of the primary by-pass during said shortest recoil piston travel, andlpermit of additional recoil `travel beyond said shortest recoil; said regulating means being further y adjustable to vary the capacity of said secondary by-pass, and thereby permit varying lengths of recoil beyond said shortest recoil; said secondary by-pass comprising an aperture leading from one side of the brake piston toward the axis thereof; said regulating means having an aperture coactingwith the piston aperture and communicating with the other side of said piston, independently of the wall-groove by-pass.

5. In a Huid brake for recoil guns adjustable to regulate the length of recoil, and comprising a brake cylinder, and a braking piston working therein' a rimary by-pass leading from the pressiire sride of the braking piston to the free space beyond said pisf ton and corresponding in length to the shortest recoil; a secondary by-pass independent of the primary by-pass, also leading from the pressure side of the braking piston to the freel space beyond said piston; a regulating means adjustable at will adapted to close' said Secondary by-pass to permit the primary by-pass to serve alone in limitlng recoil, and also adapted to open said secondary by-pass to add its capacity to that of the primaryby-pass during said shortest recoil .piston travel, and permit of additional recoil travel beyond said shortest recoil, and

4means 'for automatically closing said secondary by-pass at the` end of a long recoil.

6'. In a fluid brake for recoil guns adjustable to regulate ,the length -ot recoil, and

comprising a brake' cylinder, anda braking piston Working therein; a primary by-pass leading 'from thejpressu-re side of the .braking piston to the free space beyond said piston, and corresponding Vin length to the shortest recoil; j a secondary by-pass independent oi' theprimary by-padss, also leading `from the pressureside of the braking piston to the free space beyond said piston and a regulating means adjustable at will adapted to close said secondary'by-pass to permit the primary by-pass to serve alone in limiting recoil, and also adapted to open said secondary b -pass to add its capacity to that of the prlmary by-pass during said shortest recoil piston travel, and permit of additional recoil-travel beyond said shortest recoil, and means for automatically closing said secondary by-pass at the end of a long recoil, comprising a throttling rodi fitting against said additional by-pass at the end of said long recoil.

'7. In a fluid brake for recoil guns adjustable tc regulate the length of recoil, and comprising a brake cylinder, and a braking piston Working therein; a primary by-pass leading from the pressure side of the braking piston to the free space beyond said piston and corresponding in length to the shortestrecoil; a secondary by-pass independent of the primary by-pass, also leading from the pressure side of the braking piston to the free space beyond said piston:

`additional recoil travel beyond said shortest recoil; said secondary by-pass comprising an aperture in and leading from one side of the brake piston` toward the axis of lsaid brake piston; said regulating means comprising a cylinder arranged coaxially within the brake piston and having an aperture coacting with the piston aperture and communicating with the opposite side o f the brake piston; and means for automatically closing the secondary by-pass at the endl of the longest recoil, comprising a throttling rod arranged coaxially with the regulating cylinder to move relatively thereto during the recoil and having a portion of its length reduced to leave a fluid passage within said regulating cylinder but enlarged beyond said reduced portion and fitting over and closing said regulating cylinder aperture at the end of the longest recoil.

8. A fluid brake for regulating the length of recoil in barrel recoil guns, comprising a brake cylinder constructed with a wallgroove providing a fluid by-pass; a piston having a single cut-ofi' edge adapted to cooperate With said Wall-groove by-pass; said brake being also constructed with an additional by-pass independent of the Wallgroove by-pass and 'adapted to permit continued escape of the fluid after said Wallgroove by-pass is closed; said additional bypass having regulating means for Whollyl closing it when the wall-groove by-pass alone is to determine the length of recoil and adjustable to vary the capacity of said additional by-pass, and thereby permit varying lengths of recoil beyond the shortest recoil; and means for automatically closing said additional by-pass at the end of a long recoil, comprising a throttling rod fitting againstsaid additionalby-pass at the end of said longrecoil.

9.I A fluidA brake for regulating the length of recoil in barrel 'recoil guns, comprising a brake cylinder constructed with a wallgroove providing a fluid by-pass; a piston having a singlefcut-off edge adapted to cooperate with said Wall groove by-pass; said brake being also constructed with an additional by-pass independent of the wallgroove by-pass and adapted to permit continued escape of the l'luid after said Wall groove by-pass is closed; said additional bypass having regulating means for Wholly closing it when the Wall-groove by-pass alone is to determine the length of recoil and adjustable to vary the capacity of said additional by-pass, and thereby permit varying lengths of recoil beyond the shortest re.

coil; and means for automatically closing said additional by-pass at the end of a long recoil, comprising a throttling rod fitting against said additional by-pass at the end of said long recoil; said throttling rod acting as a piston on the return movement and thereby braking the running-out movement ofthe gun barrel.

10. In a fluid brake for recoil guns adjustable to regulate the length of recoil, and comprising a brake cylinder, and a braking 'piston working therein; a primary by-pass leading from the pressure side of the braking piston to the free space beyond said piston, and havinga length corresponding to 'the shortest recoil; a secondary by-pass independent of the primary by-pass also leading from the pressure side of the braking piston to the free space`beyond said piston; a regulating means adjustable at Will, said secondary by-pass comprising an aperture in and leading from one side of the brakingmunicating with the opposite side of the,

braking piston, and means for automatically closing the secondary by-pass at the end of the longest recoil, comprising a throttling rod arranged coaxially with the regulating cylinder to move relatively thereto 4during the recoil and having a portion of its length reduced to leave a fluid passage Within said regulating cylinder but enlarged beyond said reduced portion and fitting over and closing said regulating cylinder aperture at the end of the longest recoil; said regulating cylinder having means to admit fluid beyond the enlargement of the throttling rod, during the recoil movement, and said throttling rod being thereby adapted to serve as a brake piston in the runningout movement of the gun barrel.

11. In a fluid brake for recoil guns adjustable to regulate the length of recoil, and comprising a brake cylinder, and a braking piston Working therein; a primary by-pass leading from the pressure side of the braking piston to the free space beyond said piston, and corresponding in length to the shortest recoil; a secondary by-pass independent of the primary by-pass, also leading from the pressure side of the braking piston to the free space beyond said piston; a regulatmg means adjustable at will adapted to close said secondary by-pass to permit the primary by-pass to serve alone in limiting recoil, and also adapted to open said secondary by-pass to add its capacity to that of the primary by-pass during said shortest recoil piston travel, and permit of addladapted to close said passage way on the 13o ing piston working therein; a primary by-` pass leading fromthe pressure side of the braking piston to the free spacebeyond said piston, and corresponding in length to the shortest recoil; and a secondary by-pass independent of the primary by-.pass, also leading from the pressure side of the braking piston to the freespace beyond said piston; said braking piston having a hollow piston rod; a cylinder mounted in said hollonT piston rod and adapted toiregulate the cross sectional area of the secondary by-pass; said cylinder having a hollow space and a pasy sageway communicating with the piston rod side of the brake cylinder; a valve adapted to close said passageway on the counter recoiling movement of the gun barrel; and means for regulating said counter-recoiling movement, comprising a rod acting as a piston in the piston rod cylinder.

13. In a fluid brake for recoil guns adjustable to regulate the length of recoil, and comprising a brake cylinder, and a braking piston working therein; a primary by-pass leading from the pressure side of the braking piston to the free space beyond said piston, and corresponding in length to the shortest recoil; `a secondary by-pass independent of the primary by-pass, also leading from the pressure side lof the braking piston to the free, space beyond said piston; a regulating means adjustable at will adapted to close said secondary by-pass to permit the primary by-pass to serve alone in limiting recoil, and also adapted to open said secondary by-pass to add its capacity to that of the prlmary by-pass. during said shortest recoil piston travel, and permit of additional recoil travel beyond said shortest recoil; said braking piston having a hollow piston nlrod; the secondary by-pass regulating means comprisinga cylinder mounted in said hollow piston rod and adapted to regulate the cross sectional area of the ,secondary by-pass; said cylinder having a hollow` space and a passageway communicating with the piston rod side of the brake cylinder; a valve adapted to close said passageway on .the counter recoiling movement `of the gun barrel; a socket member through which the piston rod cylinder is connected with the piston rod beyond said-hollow space; and a seat for said valve being formed in said socket member.

14. In a fluid brake for recoil guns adjustable to regulate the length of recoil, and comprising a brake cylinder, and a bralng piston working therein; a primary by-pass leading from the pressure side of the brak- `shortest recoil; a secondary by-pass independent of the primary by-pass, also leading from the pressureside of the braking piston to the free space beyond said piston; a regulating means adjustable at will adapted to .close `said secondary by-pass to permit the primary by-pass to serve alone indimiting recoil, and also adapted to open said secondary by-pass to add its capacity to that of the primary `by-p'ass during said Shortest recoil `piston travel, and permitA of additional recoil travel beyond'said shortest recoil; .said braking piston having a hollow piston rod; the regulating means lfor the secondary by-pass comprising a cylinder mounted in said hollow piston rod and adapted to regulate the cross sectional' area of the secondary by-pass; said cylinder'1 having a hollow space and a passageway communicatingwith the piston rod side of the brake cylinder; a valve adapted to close said passageway on the counter recoiling movement of the gun barrel; means for reg- .ulating the counter-recoiling movement comprising a rod acting as a piston in the piston-rod cylinder, and by-pass grooves in the wall of said piston rod cylinder, adapted to be closed by said rod at the' end .of the running-out movement.

15. A fluid,n brake for barrel recoil guns provided with means for regulating the length of recoil comprising a brake cylinder, a piston operable therein and having a hollow piston rod, said cylinder and piston provided with throttling passageways for the passage of the brake fluid from one side of the piston to the other, the brake cylinder passageways being of the length` which corresponds to the shortest recoil, a cylinder mounted in said hollow piston rod and adapted to regulate the cross Sections of the piston passageways, said cylinder having a hollow space communicating by passageways with the piston rod side of the brake cylinder, a valve operable to close said last named passageways on the counter-recoiling movement of the gun barrel, and a throttling bar secured to the'brake cylinder and adapted to regulate the counter-recoiling movement of the gun barrel.

16. A fluidV brake for barrel recoil guns comprising a cylinder having relatively short 'luid 'throttling passageways and a throttling bar, a piston operable within the cylinder, and having a hollow piston rod with throttling passageways and coperating with the throttling bar, said piston having throttling passageways and means for restricting the same whereby to regulate the braking action of the gun-barrel for different lengths of recoil, and said cylinder throttling passageways effecting to brake a portion; of the counter-recoiling movement of 10aw i der, a hollow piston rod supporting the piston and coperating with said throttling bar, said piston and hollow piston rod having throttling passageways and the chambers of the cylinder and the hollow piston i comprising a cylinder having throttling pasi sageways, a throttling bar secured to said .rod communicating, a valve controlling said communication, and means exteriorly of the cylinder for restricting the throttling passageways of the piston, whereby to regulate the -braking action of the gun barrel for different lengths of recoil, and said throttling bar and the hollow piston rod adapted to come into action and brake the counter-rel coiling movement of the gun barrel. n 18. A fluid brake for barrel recoil gun cylinder, a piston operable within the cylinder, and having throttling passageways, a hollow piston rod supporting said piston and receivingthe throttling bar, said piston and piston rod comprising a two part piston head and piston rod, means exteriorly of the cylinder for adjusting one of the piston head parts relatively to the other whereby to restrict the throttling passageways .therein and regula-te the braking action of the gun barrel for different lengths of recoil, said piston rod parts providing a fiuid space between them, and said space being in communication with the cylinder chamber and the space within the hollow piston rod, and a valve controlling the communication -between said piston rod parts and operable to close said communication on the counter-recoilingmovement of the gun barrel.

The foregoing specification signed at Barmen, Germany, this 3rd day of May, 1910. FRIEDRICH STOCK. [n s.] In presence of- OTTo KNIG, CHAs. J. WRIGHT. 

